McCarthy+F+Period

 Born in a small Irish farming community in Grand Chute, Wisconsin, on November 14, 1909.He  dropped out of school at age 14. Six years later, he crammed a four-year high school program into one year and in 1930 was admitted to Marquette University. During World War II, McCarthy served as a lieutenant in the Marine Corps. In 1944, he lost a campaign for the U.S. Senate. He became the junior senator from Wisconsin. His early years in the Senate were unimpressive but with several U.S. Cold War setbacks and an increasingly anti-communist political atmosphere at home, McCarthy found a cause and he made the first of a series of claims that he had the names of "known communists" who were in the employ of the State Department. McCarthy rarely provided any solid evidence to back up his claims. He did not shy away from questioning the integrity of people such as George C. Marshall, or even President Eisenhower. He was one of the most controversial figures of the 1950s. His popularity caused many government officials to avoid challenging him. After televised hearings in 1954 where he accused the US Army of coddling Communists, he lost popular support and was censured by the Senate for methods he used in his investigations. In February 1950, McCarthy made a public charge that 205 Communists had infiltrated the State Department. In a nation traumatized by the Cold War, McCarthy's claims were bound to receive attention. He testified before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations later that year and despite being unable to name a single //card-carrying Communist// in any government department, he gained increasing support for his campaign of accusations. McCarthy proceeded to instigate a nationwide anti-Communist campaign. He appeared as a dedicated patriot and guardian of Americanism to his supporters. His detractors considered him irresponsible and self-seeking, undermining the nation's traditions of civil liberties.In 1952 he became Chairman of the Government Committee on Operations of the Senate and its permanent sub-committee on investigations. In this position, McCarthy interviewed a great many people and asked them: //Are you, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party? // A particularly vicious witch-hunt occurred in Hollywood and even President Eisenhower didn't escape scrutiny. Whilst there was rarely any evidence to back up McCarthy's claims, many careers were damaged or ended by the investigations. This persecution of innocent people on the charge of being Communists became known as **//McCarthyism//.** McCarthy's influence waned after 1954 when he accused U.S. Army officers of subversion in televised hearings. For the first time, the American people were able to see the brutal and truculent tactics that he used in the hearings. The tide of public opinion turned against him. He descended into alcoholism and died of liver failure in 1957, aged 47. __**Sources:**__ www.bbc.co.uk www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/mccarthy
 * __[[image:Mcarthy.jpg align="right"]]Joe McCarthy __**
 * __The First Accusations - 1950 __**
 * __'Are you, or have you ever been...?' __**

 **__Richard Milhous Nixon

__** Born 9 January, 1913 in a village in California. He was not very religious. Besides Richard, there were four sons in the family. Richard was the second born. The family moved to Whittier, California. In Whittier, he would attend High School, where he was a member of the debating team. After High School, he attended Whittier College. He was a member of the debating team again, was elected president of the student body and graduated as second in his class in 1934. Nixon won a full scholarship to the Duke University School of Law. He graduated in 1937 third in his class. He became a partner in a law firm there. He also became a member of the Whittier College Board of Trustees at age 26.Additionally, in Whittier, Nixon met his future wife. They married on 21 June, 1940, and had two daughters. As war broke out for the United States, Nixon joined the Office of Price Administration. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-style: italic">**__Political carrier__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">In 1946, Republicans wanted someone new to oppose incumbent Jerry Voorhees. Nixon convinced important members. He was active and had many accomplishments. He helped bring about the Marshall Plan and the Taft-Hartley Act (which was an important law passed in 1947 that regulated labor unions). He became famous for his involvement in the trial of Alger Hiss. Hiss, was an important official in the US State Department, was widely accused of spying, but the government would be unable to prosecute him for this. In 1949, he was officially charged for perjury for when he denied that he was spying in court. There was no real evidence for Hiss to be convicted on, but Nixon insisted that this issue be resolved. In 1950, partly because of the work of Nixon, Hiss was convicted to five years in prison for perjury in a federal court, indicating that he was indeed a spy. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'"> In 1950, he decided to run for Senate. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">Nixon won by about 700,000 votes. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Nominated for President by acclamation in 1960. His accomplishments while in office included revenue sharing, the end of the draft, new anticrime laws, and a broad environmental program. As he had promised, he appointed Justices of conservative philosophy to the Supreme Court. One of the most dramatic events of his first term occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. Some of his most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. In January 1973, he announced an accord with North Viet Nam to end American involvement in Indochina. In his last years, Nixon gained praise as an elder statesman. By the time of his death on April 22, 1994, he had written numerous books on his experiences in public life and on foreign policy. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">Sources: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2322929 [|http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rn37.html</span]>


 * __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Studebaker

__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Studebaker Corporation went out of business in 1966 after years of financial difficulties, the company enjoyed a long and proud 114-year history as a manufacturer of vehicles. Brothers Henry and Clement Studebaker opened their blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana, in 1852. In 1868, the company became the Studebaker Manufacturing Company. They produced wagons through the late 1800s, filling orders for the US Army. Studebaker became the only manufacturer to successfully switch from horse-drawn to gasoline-powered vehicles. They introduced an electric car. In 1904 they produced their first gasoline-powered car. //During World War II the company was contracted by the government to manufacture B-17 Flying Fortress engines as well as engines for other vehicles including the M29C 'Weasel' and military trucks.// After the war came Studebaker's golden age. Studebaker introduced entirely new models.

Sources: [|www.bbc.co.uk] <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">**__Television__**

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">In the 1950s families and friends began to gather around a flickering blue-lit box. Many families would limit their viewing schedule to a single station for the entire evening. The end of the broadcast day would be marked by inspirational remarks from a religious leader and the national anthem. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">**__Early Development__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">The credit for inventing television is a hotly debated topic. Thomas A. Edison's 'Telephonoscope' transmitted picture and sound via wire as early as 1884, but it was a long way from modern television. Early broadcasts began in the 1920s in several countries around the world. The idea of home television was introduced in New York City, US. World War II saw a pause in television development. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">**__Production__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Early television programming was, for the most part, produced live on camera. It was considered too expensive for regular programming. The most common method of recording television shows was the Kinescope, which copied live broadcasts from a television monitor. The quality of these films were too poor. One of the first programmes to be produced on film in the US was I Love Lucy. An early version of Kinescope was offered by the BBC in the 1950s for home use. With advances in video tape technology pre-recorded programming became more common. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">**__Programming__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">US networks depended on private sponsorship from large corporations, who were allowed to have so many commercials per program. In 1955 the Independent Television network (ITV) introduced commercial broadcasting to Britain. Many US programs, such as Milton Berle's //'Texaco Star Theater'// used their corporate name throughout the show, and the show's stars would be often seen using the sponsor's product on screen. Television news programming became a mix of the live style used in radio and film clips similar to the news-reels that were shown at cinemas. Most of the popular entertainment shows came from the stars of Vaudeville, rather than film due to the live programming. Children's programming became quite popular with shows such as 'Howdy Doody' in the US and Blue Peter in the UK. Saturday morning cartoons, also borrowed from the cinema, became a favorite pastime. Some stations would even have someone read the Sunday comics from the newspaper, showing the illustrations to the camera. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">**__Progress__** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">With advances in technology, such as colour, improved recording methods and self-adjusting receivers the old days of television are just a distant memory. Source: [|www.bbc.co.uk]


 * __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-style: italic">North Korea, South Korea

__**<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">1910, Korea was annexed by Japan, who placed the country under colonial rule and ended the Chosen Dynasty. The occupation of Korea lasted until Japan's defeat at the end of the Second World War. In the aftermath, Korea was partitioned by a line known as the '38th parallel', with Soviet forces occupying the north and US forces in the south. Korea was initially placed under the joint control of the USSR, the USA, Britain and China as a first step to unification. Two separate and ideologically disparate countries were formed: the communist North Korea and democratic South Korea. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">On 25 June, 1950, North Korean troops crossed over the 38th Parallel and into South Korea. The USA immediately responded to this action by deploying military and naval forces. Initially, the US forces, supported by the United Nations, pushed the North Koreans troops back towards their own country. However, the Chinese governments were not prepared to watch UN forces fighting a war so close to their borders. After South Korean troops crossed into North Korea, the Chinese foreign minister declared that China would defend North Korea if US troops crossed the 38th Parallel. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">With UN approval, the US and allied crossed into North Korea. As promised, Chinese troops entered Korea and pushed the US back into South Korea and, in January 1951, captured the South Korean capital, Seoul. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD">By July 1951, the fighting had established, with neither side making any advances. A 'neutral sector' was created around Kaesong but was found by the US delegation to be full of North Korean troops.

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Goodbye Norma Jean... <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Born Norma Jean Mortensen June 1 1926 in Los Angeles General Hospital, Marilyn Monroe lived rather a sad life, for she was married 3 times, divorced 3 times, never knew her father and was placed in a foster home. It was Grace McKee's love of the screen star Jean Harlow that first drew Norma into the world of Hollywood and all its glamour. She lived with Grace McKee for a year before being placed in an orphanage when Grace went off and married a guy.Norma's first husband Dougherty joined the merchant. By 1949 Norma had found herself in love with Johnny Hyde, but by 1952 it was to end as she met Joe DiMaggio and a romance sparked up with him, turning into marriage on 14 January, 1954. However yet again she was met with a divorce in October 27 1954 due this time to a 'conflict in careers'. 1956 brought Norma and Arthur Miller together and on June 29th they were married; this marriage was also to come to an end, doing so on 20 January, 1961.Her first claim to fame came when she worked on the assembly line inspecting parachutes and photographers wanted to take pictures of women at work on the assembly line. She signed a contract with Twentieth Century Fox Studios. Taking on her mother's family name Monroe and earning $125 per week. Her first serious acting job was 'The Asphalt Jungle' followed closely by 'Clash by Night' amongst others.
 * __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Algerian; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Marilyn Monroe __**